Rocket Fuel Calculations

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  • S2central.net
    Retired OG Mod
    • Jul 2003
    • 16590
    • Country: Northern Ireland

    #1

    Rocket Fuel Calculations

    Well I've been brewing some numbers that make interesting viewing in relation to the recent threads about DIY octane boosters - in light of the fact that I cannot get Optimax fuel on this island.

    I'll post the calculations here later, but the summary is that you can get F1 rocket fuel ratings for RON and (R+M)/2 by adding 22% Toluene to regular '95RON' UK unleaded fuel. How ironic and easy to remember for our 2.2L engines that we need 2.2 gallons of Toluene in 10 gallons total fuel for the witches brew

    One website I found claims that the rocket fuel of turbocharged F1 cars of old was 84% Toluene and 16% n-heptane. The n-heptane has zero octane content and works as an effective filler to keep maximum RON below the legal limit of 102.

    The 'murricans have a much better system for calculating the efficiency of fuel. We Brits only use RON (Research Octane Number) whilst stateside the use of MON (Motor Octane Number) is used to derive a more useful rating from (RON+MON)/2.

    It took a while to find MON values for UK fuel, but Millers website turned up the goods. It turns out that UK '95RON' fuel is pretty much identical to US '91' fuel because the real efficiency is dragged down by similar MON ratings.

    Adding 12% Toluene to UK '95RON' fuel gives it a RON just over 98 and provides a superior (R+M)/2 value than Shell Optimax.

    My car is running like **** at full throttle on pump fuel over here, so I am definitely going to try this... All I need is a small supply of Toluene to get me started.


    Paul
    Paul Nugent
    Webmaster http://S2central.net
    Administrator http://S2forum.com

    1994 S2 Coupe ABY - aka Project Lazarus
    2001 A6 allroad 2.5TDi - family tank
    2003 S4 Avant 4.2 V8 - daily burble

    Purveyor of HomeFries and Exclusive agent for Samco hose kits (S2/RS2)

    There are only 10 kinds of people that understand binary - those that do, and those that don't
  • Jay
    S2Forum Maniac
    • Jul 2004
    • 599

    #2
    Originally posted by S2central.net
    Well I've been brewing some numbers that make interesting viewing in relation to the recent threads about DIY octane boosters - in light of the fact that I cannot get Optimax fuel on this island.

    I'll post the calculations here later, but the summary is that you can get F1 rocket fuel ratings for RON and (R+M)/2 by adding 22% Toluene to regular '95RON' UK unleaded fuel. How ironic and easy to remember for our 2.2L engines that we need 2.2 gallons of Toluene in 10 gallons total fuel for the witches brew

    One website I found claims that the rocket fuel of turbocharged F1 cars of old was 84% Toluene and 16% n-heptane. The n-heptane has zero octane content and works as an effective filler to keep maximum RON below the legal limit of 102.

    The 'murricans have a much better system for calculating the efficiency of fuel. We Brits only use RON (Research Octane Number) whilst stateside the use of MON (Motor Octane Number) is used to derive a more useful rating from (RON+MON)/2.

    It took a while to find MON values for UK fuel, but Millers website turned up the goods. It turns out that UK '95RON' fuel is pretty much identical to US '91' fuel because the real efficiency is dragged down by similar MON ratings.

    Adding 12% Toluene to UK '95RON' fuel gives it a RON just over 98 and provides a superior (R+M)/2 value than Shell Optimax.

    My car is running like **** at full throttle on pump fuel over here, so I am definitely going to try this... All I need is a small supply of Toluene to get me started.


    Paul
    Toluene is nasty stuff, full of carcinagins, you'll need a licence to purchase!

    Jay

    Comment

    • S2central.net
      Retired OG Mod
      • Jul 2003
      • 16590
      • Country: Northern Ireland

      #3
      Its sold across the shelf in the USA... and it CAN be sourced in the UK also. I'm no chemist, but Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon and contains only Carbon and Hydrogen atoms (C7H8). Complete combustion produces Carbon DI-oxide and Water. Sounds pretty eco-friendly to me.

      AFAIK - there are no special handling restrictions for Toluene - its no worse than gasoline in that regard.

      Still lots of homework to do, but heres a good site -



      Paul
      Paul Nugent
      Webmaster http://S2central.net
      Administrator http://S2forum.com

      1994 S2 Coupe ABY - aka Project Lazarus
      2001 A6 allroad 2.5TDi - family tank
      2003 S4 Avant 4.2 V8 - daily burble

      Purveyor of HomeFries and Exclusive agent for Samco hose kits (S2/RS2)

      There are only 10 kinds of people that understand binary - those that do, and those that don't

      Comment

      • 4WheelDrifter
        S2Forum Zealot
        • Oct 2004
        • 5773
        • Country: Devon

        #4
        Toluene AKA Methylbenzine. Still not very nice stuff though. I wouldn't recommend drinking it.
        SS

        Comment

        • diesel des
          S2Forum Possessed
          • Feb 2004
          • 3896

          #5
          I can get 5L drums of just toluene for about £10. I just use the toluene/xylene/methonal(less than 5%) mix that is now up to £12 for 25L. PM me or email for a chat. Thanks,des.

          Comment

          • caterpillar
            S2Forum Fiend
            • Jun 2004
            • 2480

            #6
            Originally posted by S2central.net
            Well I've been brewing some numbers that make interesting viewing in relation to the recent threads about DIY octane boosters - in light of the fact that I cannot get Optimax fuel on this island.

            I'll post the calculations here later, but the summary is that you can get F1 rocket fuel ratings for RON and (R+M)/2 by adding 22% Toluene to regular '95RON' UK unleaded fuel. How ironic and easy to remember for our 2.2L engines that we need 2.2 gallons of Toluene in 10 gallons total fuel for the witches brew

            One website I found claims that the rocket fuel of turbocharged F1 cars of old was 84% Toluene and 16% n-heptane. The n-heptane has zero octane content and works as an effective filler to keep maximum RON below the legal limit of 102.

            The 'murricans have a much better system for calculating the efficiency of fuel. We Brits only use RON (Research Octane Number) whilst stateside the use of MON (Motor Octane Number) is used to derive a more useful rating from (RON+MON)/2.

            It took a while to find MON values for UK fuel, but Millers website turned up the goods. It turns out that UK '95RON' fuel is pretty much identical to US '91' fuel because the real efficiency is dragged down by similar MON ratings.

            Adding 12% Toluene to UK '95RON' fuel gives it a RON just over 98 and provides a superior (R+M)/2 value than Shell Optimax.

            My car is running like **** at full throttle on pump fuel over here, so I am definitely going to try this... All I need is a small supply of Toluene to get me started.


            Paul
            TRYED the gas for small plane,like 1 or 2motors cesna, who use the real thing i don't mean jetfuel ......try AVGAS 100LL,the old plane use it too. in norway we have to pay roadTAX to use gas for plane in the cars

            Comment

            • diesel des
              S2Forum Possessed
              • Feb 2004
              • 3896

              #7
              Originally posted by caterpillar
              TRYED the gas for small plane,like 1 or 2motors cesna, who use the real thing i don't mean jetfuel ......try AVGAS 100LL,the old plane use it too. in norway we have to pay roadTAX to use gas for plane in the cars
              But Avgas has lots of lead and will kill the lamda sensor.

              Comment

              • S2central.net
                Retired OG Mod
                • Jul 2003
                • 16590
                • Country: Northern Ireland

                #8
                Originally posted by diesel des
                But Avgas has lots of lead and will kill the lamda sensor.
                CORRECT
                Paul Nugent
                Webmaster http://S2central.net
                Administrator http://S2forum.com

                1994 S2 Coupe ABY - aka Project Lazarus
                2001 A6 allroad 2.5TDi - family tank
                2003 S4 Avant 4.2 V8 - daily burble

                Purveyor of HomeFries and Exclusive agent for Samco hose kits (S2/RS2)

                There are only 10 kinds of people that understand binary - those that do, and those that don't

                Comment

                • 4WheelDrifter
                  S2Forum Zealot
                  • Oct 2004
                  • 5773
                  • Country: Devon

                  #9
                  ********! I forgot about that.
                  I've got about 60 litres of old skool 4star in my garage. I'll have to find another use for it. I remembered that cats don't like getting clogged with it.
                  4star's probably not rated at 98RON without the tetraethyl lead in it.
                  That’s it. I’m getting some cellulose thinners! Hmm.. Not sure about the ethanol content though. Now, where’s my reflux condenser?
                  SS

                  Comment

                  • Lee
                    S2Forum Extremist
                    • Jul 2003
                    • 1512
                    • Country: United Kingdom

                    #10
                    Take the cats out. Pour anything in then!!
                    1995 S2 Avant with some upgrades

                    Designun Limited....
                    Aerospace, Space and Motorsport Design Consultancy and hardware supply.

                    Comment

                    • Lee
                      S2Forum Extremist
                      • Jul 2003
                      • 1512
                      • Country: United Kingdom

                      #11
                      Independant lab tests have proven that "Millers CVL Turbo" and Optimax take the fuel to between 101 and 102 RON. I have tried plain CVL and it works. Ask ChrisM on here as he couldn't believe the difference it made. Not cheap but good for trackdays and the occasional hammering.
                      1995 S2 Avant with some upgrades

                      Designun Limited....
                      Aerospace, Space and Motorsport Design Consultancy and hardware supply.

                      Comment

                      • dan_b
                        S2Forum Possessed
                        • Sep 2003
                        • 3670
                        • Home: United Kingdom Current: England

                        #12
                        What's Millers CVL Turbo got in it then?! How much for a bottle/tankful!
                        Ex S2 owner, now running around in an A4 Avant quattro...

                        Comment

                        • Lee
                          S2Forum Extremist
                          • Jul 2003
                          • 1512
                          • Country: United Kingdom

                          #13
                          If you want real rocket fuel work out how you can use N2O4 (Nitrogen Tetroxide)and (MonoMethylHadrazine) in an IC engine. Now they are really nasty liquids! You can do away with your spark system then too as they are a hypergolic combination.

                          Toluene isn't too bad to handle. It is used in many household products in quite large concentrations. Benzine is a corcenogen too.
                          1995 S2 Avant with some upgrades

                          Designun Limited....
                          Aerospace, Space and Motorsport Design Consultancy and hardware supply.

                          Comment

                          • Lee
                            S2Forum Extremist
                            • Jul 2003
                            • 1512
                            • Country: United Kingdom

                            #14
                            I just ran out to the car to get a bottle but I only have Octane Plus and normal CVL. CVL contains MethylCycloPentadientyl, Managanese Tricarbonyl, Xylene....guess what, 'Harmful if swallowed' and 'Flammable'!! Millers haven't completed testing on the product yet to see whether it is harmful for CATs but according to the Chemistry bods, it shouldn't be.
                            1995 S2 Avant with some upgrades

                            Designun Limited....
                            Aerospace, Space and Motorsport Design Consultancy and hardware supply.

                            Comment

                            • Lee
                              S2Forum Extremist
                              • Jul 2003
                              • 1512
                              • Country: United Kingdom

                              #15
                              According to tests:
                              Optimax 98.3RON, 86.9MON
                              Millers Octane Plus and Optimax 99.4RON, 87.5MON
                              CVL and Optimax 100.8RON, 89.2MON (nearly the equivalent of old 5Star)
                              I don't have the full MON figures for CVLTurbo but the RON goes to 101-102, plus in tests up to 4RON (40 Octane Points) on many grades of fuel.

                              I have some nice data sheets on RON and MON from Millers. I am sure it is also on their website and soon to be on mine.

                              As for prices, search threads for Millers in the ForSale section. I don't want to hijack this interesting thread on Toluene further but I have full prices there for single bottles as well as boxes. I discount retail!!
                              1995 S2 Avant with some upgrades

                              Designun Limited....
                              Aerospace, Space and Motorsport Design Consultancy and hardware supply.

                              Comment

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